Assignments Handed in Today!!!!!

Today you were to hand in all the questions from the assignments that we've been working on this week:

Immigration

Early Immigration

Rebellion and Reform in Upper Canada

War of 1812

If for whatever reason you did not get these in today, email them in before noon on Sunday. Do not send me attachments. Clip and paste the answers into your email and send them that way.

Immigration

Immigration in Canada



Answer the following questions using your search techniques.

Ukrainian Migration:

1. Why did so many Ukrainians come to Canada from 1880-1914? Where did most of the Ukrainians settle?
2. Why was coming to Canada such an appealing idea to poor Europeans during this time period?
3. The experience of the Ukrainians shows that different factors caused people to leave their homes and risk beginning again in Canada. What are some of these factors?

Mennonites, Doukhobors, and the Hutterites

4. Why did these three groups of people leave Europe for Canada?

Immigrants and the City

5. Why did newly arrived immigrants and native-born Canadians not mix well in the cities of Canada?
6. What were Canadian cities like in the 1900s?

A Canada of Many Cultures:

7. In what way(s) did immigration in this time period put a strain on Canadian society?
8. What is Nativism?

Early Immigration into Canada: An Overview

Be like Johnny Canuck and use your search techniques to answer the following questions.

THESE QUESTIONS ARE DUE THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 18

1. What was the Great Migration? When did it take place? Who did it involve?

2. What did people think these immigrants from the Great Migration should be doing?

3. How did the poorest immigrants arrive during the Great Migration? What were the conditions like for them?

4. At what time did Canada see its highest immigration levels from Ireland? Why did these people come?

5. What was Grosse-Ile? What happened there?

6. What was the underground railroad? Explain how it functioned.

7. Who was the driving force behind organizing the underground railroad?

8. Discuss the conditions of Chinese immigration during the time of building the transcontinental railway.

9. Compare the pay for Chinese workers on the railway versus white workers.

10. How did polict towards Chinese immigration change once the railway was built?

Rebellion and Reforms in Upper and Lower Canada

If you have competed the War of 1812 assignment, read the aticle below and answer the questions at the end.

THIS ASSIGNMENT IS DUE THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 18

Rebellion and Reforms in Upper and Lower Canada

The years between 1812 and 1850 were a time of economic growth in Canada. Wheat and lumber became the staples of the St. Lawrence colonial economy, the Montreal based fur trade pushed farther and farther into the northwest regions, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick became centers of trade with the U.S. More immigrants were arriving from Britain and the United States, settling especially in Upper Canada.

Nonetheless, it was during this time that popular movements to reform the government sprang up, especially in Upper and Lower Canada. The political system then in place gave the real power to the British appointed governors and to their executive councils who were appointed for life. These men formed an Oligarchy.

Not only did they make up the governor’s councils, but they also held the highest bureaucratic and judicial positions. They were well connected men of property with commercial and financial interests to defend.

In Upper Canada this elite group was known as the Family Compact, and in Quebec or Lower Canada they became known as the Chateau Clique. Both these groups held a strong hold over the commercial and political life of their colonies. As the oligarchy members made all government appointments, they were able to control the legal, religious, and educational systems in the colonies. Using their political power, they put policies in place that were favorable to themselves and their interests rather than to the majority of citizens in the colonies. They could, and did, spend public money on canals that would further their business interests rather than on roads that the settlers needed.

This lead to rebellions and reforms in both Upper and Lower Canada. By 1815, the French were growing uneasy about their position in Canada because they were worried about the increasing number of British immigrants that were flooding the colony. They were slowly being outnumbered and feared assimilation.

The French in Lower Canada were excluded from government as the Chateau Clique was made up of English speaking colonists and made decisions that only helped their own personal situations, thus making the French even more fearful. Louis-Joseph Papineau rose up among the common man and called for the colonists to rebel against the Chateau Clique, demanding responsible government and a change in the colony’s situation. He argued this was necessary for the cultural survival of the French in Canada. He wanted to see that the French majority had more say in colonial affairs. His group was called the Patriotes.

The Patriotes raised support for their cause through a series of meetings in the countryside that called for the overthrow of the government. The government called in troops to protect and to try and arrest the leaders of the rebels. On November 23, 1837 at St. Denis, 800 Patriotes (only ½ of which were armed) battled the troops for an entire day behind wooden barricades, forcing the troops to withdraw. A few days later, Papineau escaped to the United States and later returned to France. But not before burning the parliament building in Montreal. Other Patriote leaders were not so lucky and were arrested.

In Upper Canada, there was also a division between the colonists and the Oligarchy there that was called the Family Compact. The colonists in Upper Canada wanted to have more input into government affairs, as the Family Compact also ruled in their own best interests. The family Compact feared the democratic ideas of the colonists because they believed that democracy equaled mob rule.

William Lyon Mackenzie was the leader of the rebels in Upper Canada. His group was called the Reformers. Mackenzie used the same methods as Papineau and the Patriotes had used in Lower Canada and made speeches in order to organize the people of Upper Canada against the Oligarchy and towards overthrowing the government in favor of responsible government. On December 5, 1837, 700 reformers marched on Toronto to overthrow the government, but the defenders of the oligarchy fired on them and the rebellion was crushed. Like Papineau, Machenzie fled to the United States and was later allowed to return to Toronto without any persecution.

Although both rebellions were unsuccessful, the British government took notice of the rebellions in Upper and Lower Canada and realized that serious problems existed with the way that the colonies were run. They sent Lord Durham to the colonies to investigate and to make suggestions on two issues: How to improve the relations between the governments and the colonists, and to try and prevent any further rebellions from the colonists that lived there.

Discussion Questions:


1. According to what you read in this article, what do you believe an Oligarchy is? Based on this definition brainstorm another culture, civilization or time period run by an Oligarchy.

2. What does a Clique refer to nowadays? Can you think of a modern example of a clique?

3. The French in Lower Canada were fighting for Responsible Government and Cultural Survival. In your opinion what is meant by these two terms.

4. What were the similarities and differences between the causes of the rebellions in Upper and Lower Canada and the causes of the American Revolution.

5. Why do you believe these two conflicts had different effects or outcomes? Brainstorm at least two reasons.

War of 1812

Use your new Internet search skills to find the answers to the following...

THIS ASSIGNMENT IS TO BE HANDED IN ON THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 18

War of 1812

1. Who was the war of 1812 fought between?

2. Identify and explain two major causes of the war.


3. Why did the British delay giving up western forts? What did the Americans think of this?

4. Who were the “War Hawks” and what did they want?


5. Why did the Americans attack Canada even though their military was still young and undeveloped?

6. Where did the Americans attack first and why?


7. Identify two reasons why Canada was at risk for being defeated by the Americans?

8. What was the actual result when the Americans and the Upper Canadians fought? Why did this occur?


9. Who was Tecumseh? And why was he an important figure in early Canadian history?

10. When did the war end? Identify and explain three outcomes or results of the War of 1812 on Canada.

Internet Research

Today will be your first day using Internet resources to find the answers to some basic questions about topics in Canadian History. This is something that you need to become adept at if you are going to find useful and quality material for the research paper that you will write towards the end of the semester.

There are two components to this -- searching the Internet broadly and searching the Internet specifically through academic research databases. We will begin with searching the Internet broadly today. I have linked a tutorial here for you.

Unfortunately, most of us resort to going to Google and just typing in a string of words that we think might get us what we are looking for. There is a better way. Begin by examining the tutorial below:

http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/education/008-3040-e.html

Read the following links you will find at this site:

Choosing the Right Tools for Searching the Web: A Tutorial
Basic Web Searching: A Guide
Evaluating Internet Sources: A Guide for Learners (Ages 16 and up)

Then begin the assignment on the War of 1812.

Writing Your First Essay

OK... It's been a long road, but here it is --- We are ready for you to write your first essay. Make sure to use the guide I have provided you from the November 4th blog entry. Also, be sure to go and print yourself a copy of the scoring guide you were introduced to. The file is a pdf and is titled "Essay rubric". You can find it in the pick up folder on the network.

Below you will find a series of links. This list is by no means the only information you may use. Feel free to supplement your reading with your own searches. All essays are to be typed, double spaced, using 12 point Times New Roman font with standard margins. The essays should be three to five pages in length. Please choose from the topics below:

THE DEADLINE FOR THE ESSAY IS TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 30

Was Louis Riel a patriot or traitor?

What was the most critical cause of the rebellions in the west and why?

Compare the way the west was settled in Canada with the way the west was settled in the United States.

Did Riel's decision to execute Thomas Scott ultimately help the Metis or doom their cause?

It has been written that the terms of the treaties negotiated with the federal government were unfair. What are the results of treaties today? Investigate the issue and take a stand as to whether or not Canada is on good terms with native peoples.

Why was Riel unable to duplicate the success of his efforts in Manitoba in Saskatchewan?


***You may also consider your own essay topics - However, they must be approved by the instructor

CBC Archives Rebellion Videos

http://archives.cbc.ca/politics/provincial_territorial_politics/topics/1482/


A detailed look at the 1885 Rebellion

http://www.alittlehistory.com/Mtfullst.htm


Changes in The West

http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/05/0529/052901/05290104_e.html

Riel and the North West Rebellion

http://www.mta.ca/faculty/arts/canadian_studies/english/about/multimedia/riel/index.html

Tests Returned as well as Westward Expansion and the Rebellions on the Prairies

Over the past number of days, we have gone over the blog test (Period 2 - Period 4 still has two people who need to write) and spent time reading and making notes from pages 280-286, which details the conditions leading to the Red River and North West rebellions. You were given time to read the material, make notes and finally work together in small groups in order to establish the following:

What was the background to the rebellions?

What happened in the rebellions?

Below I have provided you with a summary of that discussion which you should be familiar with.

Background to the Rebellions:

• the decline of the fur trade prompted the Hudson's Bay Company to sell Rupert's Land (all the land draining into Hudson Bay)


• fear of American expansion led to Canada's desire to purchase Rupert's Land (the Gold Rush, the American Civil War, the purchase of Alaska, an American consul being dispatched to the Red River area and Manifest Destiny as flash points)


• December 1, 1869 - HBC got 300 000 English Pounds and got to keep thousands of hectares of land around its trading posts as well as 1/20Th of all the land in the territory


• the deal made Canada 6 times larger than its original size


• the Canadian government wasted no time in trying to open the new territory for settlement and sent government surveyors to divide up the land


• the act of surveying convinced the Metis that their way of life was now clearly under attack

The Red River Rebellion

• October 11, 1869 - Louis Riel, secretary of the Red River council personally stepped in front of a surveyor and with a small band of Metis refused to let the survey continue - the government, according to Riel was trespassing


• November 2, 1869 another Metis group stopped the newly appointed Lieutenant Governor, William McDougall from entering the territory at Pembina and Louis Riel sent forth the message that McDougall required the permission of the National Committee of the Metis to enter


• Riel took Fort Garry, established a Provisional Government with himself as President, and then issued a declaration of Metis rights which he expected to use as a way to start negotiations with the Canadian government that would lead to provincial status for Manitoba


• negotiations actually worked and a deal was struck which included a representative assembly


• However, in February of 1870, John Schultz organized 600 settlers under the Canadian Party to attack Fort Garry to free 48 members of Schultz's guard who had been captured by Riel's men on December 7


• Riel saw the attack as defiant of his authority and intolerable and decided to make an example of one of the men. This lead to the trial of Ontario Orangeman, Thomas Scott, who was tried for insubordination by an all-Metis jury and was executed by firing squad.


• the execution of Scott raised tensions and split the country - the French identified with Riel as a man who was fighting for the survival of his people - and his Catholic faith


• the English Protestants in Ontario saw themselves threatened by Riel and viewed him as a lawbreaking traitor


• an agreement was on May 12, 1870, and Manitoba officially came into being on July 15 of that same year


• most of Riel's terms were accepted and as a result, Manitoba was constitutionally bilingual, bi cultural and bi-educational


• Prime Minster Macdonald sent troops to Manitoba to discourage more Metis uprisings, satisfy English Canada and as a show of force to any Americans who might be thinking about taking Canada by force


• Riel left for the United States and the Metis found that the buffalo were disappearing, settlers were spreading out, the coming of the railway and the enforcement of Canadian property law left precious little space for the practice of Metis traditions and their way of life


• as a consequence, the Metis moved west with the retreating buffalo to Saskatchewan

North West Rebellion

• in an effort to avoid bloodshed, the Canadian government signed a series of treaties with Aboriginal Peoples between 1871 and 1877 - this purchased property largely was seen as a gateway for extending the railway


• the treaties traded land for cash, as well as annual payments, school services, and emergency relief supplies - these terms were not always carried through on by the government


• while Aboriginals were wary of the treaties and hesitant to sign them, they eventually gave in because their living conditions had become quite dire


• this led Aboriginals to seek out Louis Riel's help again, as he had been the only person who could negotiate an agreement that protected their rights


• Riel took the same steps in Saskatchewan that he had taken in Manitoba


• he drafted a bill of rights and demanded settlement


• however, this time there was no settlement


• Riel's past actions and the execution of Thomas Scott left him as a villain in the eyes of English Canadians


• Macdonald used the new railroad to send troops to Saskatchewan quickly


• after four days of fighting and outnumbered three to one, the Metis surrendered


• Riel was charged with high treason, tried, found guilty and executed


• the all white jury actually recommended mercy, but the judge sentenced Riel to execution anyways


• Macdonald could have pardoned Riel but didn't, as he thought that it would only anger the English Canadians again and an election was near


• Macdonald, however, failed to anticipate how badly this decision would hurt him and his Conservative party with French Canadians


• French Canadians would turn to the Liberals and Wilfred Laurier

Lab Time Coming Up

We will spend next week in the lab working on a variety of assignments that should:

• Help you develop your research skills identifying material for writing essays
• Allow us to move forward in Canada's history towards the turn of the 20th century and up to WWI

Period 2 - Nov 15-17 Room 114; Nov 18 Room 113

Period 4 - Nov 15 Room 227; Nov 16-18 Library

The Essay

Over the last number of days, you have written an in class essay and you have been working on the objectives for each part of the essay. Below is a summary of the class notes for this section:

The essay assignment typically comes in two forms -- a question or a directive.

for example:

What is the most important characteristic required to be successful in school? (question)

Discuss the most important characteristic required to be successful in school. (directive)



The most important thing to remember when writing the essay is to make sure you understand the question and answer the question directly.



Below you will find the objectives we discussed for the introductory paragraph (in order of importance - NOT appearance):



1. Answer the question (thesis statement)



2. List of supporting ideas (evidence which will serve to prove your thesis)



3. Introductory statement (this is the first sentence in your essay)






Next, you will find the objectives for the body paragraphs (in order of appearance):



1. Topic sentence (from your list of supporting ideas and relates to thesis)



2. Supporting details (logically prove why the thesis is true... between 5-7 sentences)

3. Transition sentence (make the connection from the present supporting idea/topic to the next supporting idea/topic)



You have all written an introductory paragraph, the first paragraph of the body, and hopefully a conclusion based on the in class essay you were assigned. All students were checked to ensure that each paper fulfilled the objectives above.