Welcome to Canadian History!

This blog will be used as a means of keeping track of what we are doing, when we are doing it, and sometimes where we are doing it.

As a result, it will include all relevant course material and timelines. In the event that you are away, the blog will be quite useful to help you keep up to date.






The course will consist of the following units:

1. The First Peoples of Canada
2. New France
3. British North America
4. Canada in the 19th Century
5. Canada in the 20th Century and Beyond

YOU ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR CHECKING THE MATERIAL HERE

Plagiarism

Plagiarism is academic theft and will not be tolerated. A mark of zero will be assessed for work that has been plagiarized and the offense will be reported to the school administration.

Assessment

Assessment will be done on a regular basis. It will consist of:
• Final Exam: 30%
• Tests and Quizzes: 30%
• All other Assignments/Essays: 40%


Attendance

The REC attendance regulations will be followed. See the student handbook. If you are late for school and miss my class, you can keep up with assignments by using the class blog. Where possible, all course material will be available through the blog.

Materials

Bring the following to class every day:
• A binder with lots of paper
• Pen, pencil, ruler, pencil crayons
• Your textbook

Homework
You must do homework as assigned. Because the blog is comprehensive and easily accessible, many students rely on it heavily to keep them organized. However, keeping your own notes in class is a very effective way to review and keep up with material on a daily basis. In the end, making this extra effort will help to prepare you for unit tests.

Deadlines/Due Dates

Meeting deadlines and due dates is an important life skill. Divisional assessment policy suggests that the evaluation of a student’s performance should be based on exactly that – performance. However, this is not to imply that meeting deadlines and due dates is unimportant. Therefore, failure to perform classroom tasks (i.e. assignments not handed in) designed to measure a student’s competency in a particular skill area is not an option for a student expecting to achieve credit. In short, all assignments need to be handed in and those that are late will require some form of work as assigned by the instructor to ensure basic skill level competency.

Help, help, help!

Do not hesitate to ask for help if you do not understand something we are learning. I am happy to clarify concepts or to explain something in a different way.

Class Rules in Summary

• Be here and be here on time
• Pay attention – Don’t just “look” – “see” … Don’t just “hear” – “listen”
• Do your best
• Ask for help when you need it
• Keep up with assigned work and hand it in on time
• Conduct yourself with maturity and “discipline”

“Discipline is defined as doing what you’re supposed to do, when you’re supposed to do it, how you’re supposed to do it, ALL THE TIME.” – Bob Knight

Final Review Material...

Here's the last of our review stuff... just in time for the exam. Study hard!

Mini-Unit I: Aboriginal Issues:

1. Define Assimilation. Identify and explain five specific examples of aboriginal assimilation seen in Canadian history.

2. What were residential schools? Explain in detail.

3. What was the Oka Crisis. Explain in detail what happened at the Oka confrontation. How does this event express the relations between Canada and Aboriginal communities throughout history?

Mini-Unit II: Canadian Government:

4. Define Federalism.

5. Describe the division of power and responsibility in the various levels of the Canadian government, providing examples where possible.

6. Be able to Explain structure of the Canadian Government.

7. Who is the current Prime Minister of Canada?

Mini-Unit III: Modern Canadian Issues:

8. Identify and explain at least four examples of where conflict or misunderstanding between English and French Canadians is seen in Canadian history.

9. What was the FLQ Crisis – Identify the Who, What, Where, When, Why, and be able to explain the historical significance of this event.

10. Who was Pierre Elliot Trudeau? Why was he such an important and controversial Canadian figure? Explain in detail some of the controversial political moves that Pierre Elliot Trudeau made.

11. Who is Rene Levesque? How did sovereignty-association differ from separation?

12. What was the Quebec Referendums – When did they occur? What were they? What were the results of the referendums? Why were they significant in Canadian History?

In addition, you will be required to know the importance of the following terms:

Quiet Revolution
Lord Durham
Indian Act
Battle of Ypres
Stock Market Crash
NATO
Charlottetown Accord
Official Languages Act
Brian Mulroney
Cold War
Filles de Roi
Nellie McClung
Valour Road
Free Trade Agreement
Meech Lake Accord
Charter of Rights and Freedoms
Iron Curtain
Lester B Pearson
D- Day
Gold Rush
Mercantilism
HBC
Louisbourg
Conscription
Treaty of Versailles
Sterling Lyon
Paul Henderson

Your Task...

You are to write a 5 page term paper. It is to be double spaced, Times New Roman 12 point type with standard margins in APA style. It will include a reference page that will have a minimum of 7 sources. The reference page and your title page DO NOT count as part of the total (Duh).

Your paper MUST cover some aspect of the Trudeau/Mulroney era. It may be one of the assignments listed below or you may submit your own essay topic. If you choose the latter, you must have my approval by Friday, June 10, 2011.

The deadline for this paper is Thursday, June 16, 2011.

You have the remainder of the class time in the semester to work on it. Go to it.


1. Discuss how either Brian Mulroney or Pierre Trudeau are the most influential prime ministers of the 20th century.

2. Compare and contrast Pierre Trudeau and Brian Mulroney in terms of their impact on Canada and the changes that they precipitated.

3. Trudeau and Mulroney had very different approaches to dealing with Quebec and the provincial/federal powers. In retrospect, was either of their methods more desirable?

4. Would Canada be better off if Newfoundland had passed Meech Lake?

5. Would Canada be better off if Trudeau had found a way to include Quebec as a signatory to the Constitution?

6. Was Trudeau justified in using the War Measures Act in the FLQ crisis?

Or....

Bring me a topic.

Canada's Takes a Turn to the Right - Brian Mulroney

Brian Mulroney rises from political defeat at the hands of Joe Clark to take the often fractured Progressive Conservative party into the 1984 general election. He goes on to a huge landslide victory over John Turner's Liberals. During the campaign, Mulroney criticizes the Trudeau era as being unnecessarily hostile towards the United States, corrupt, and free spending. Amongst other things, Mulroney promises to build a better, more harmonious relationship with America that will lead to better policy and prosperity for Canadians.

To that end, Mulroney takes on what is to become his greatest political accomplishment - a free trade deal with the United States. It is an historic achievement since other attempts to get a free trade deal with the United States have ended badly for politicians, as the country succumbs to fears of not being able to compete with its larger, more powerful neighbor, the potential loss of Canadian jobs and the fear of losing its independence.

Mulroney, though saddled with personal popularity challenges like many Canadian Prime Ministers after a period of governing, manages to win a second election giving him a mandate to move forward with the bold deal. He does so largely by giving Canadians a sense of confidence that they can and must compete if the country is going to survive and grow. His personal optimism has a lasting effect on public perception.

Mulroney's ascendancy on the world stage, which makes him at one point a rumored potential Secretary General of the United Nations, tells Canadians that their nation plays a consequential role in the world. Central to the personal respect and popularity Mulroney builds for himself amongst world leaders is his conviction that political change is based on personal relationships. To that end, Mulroney forges a close personal friendship with U.S. President Ronald Reagan. The Free Trade Agreement and the agreement on acid rain are Mulroney's key achievements based on this friendship.

Mulroney also attempted to achieve national reconciliation with Quebec over not being included as a signatory of the 1982 Constitution. He negotiated the Meech Lake Accord, which was passed in all but two provinces before falling short and then he tried again with the Charlottetown Accord, which was rejected by Canadians in a national referendum.

Mulroney further changed economic policy by instituting the Goods and Services Tax (GST). While the tax was part of a greater strategy for tax reform that would reduce personal income tax and replace the hidden manufacturers sales tax of 18%, the GST was seen as a new tax and its visibility further damaged Mulroney's popularity which was suffering from the failed constitutional conferences and the sharpened divisions that emerged.

Lucien Bouchard, a prominent member of the Quebec wing of the Conservative government headed by Mulroney defected from the party and formed the Bloc Quebecois. Conservatives angry with Mulroney over the GST and his failure to push for a more socially conservative agenda formed the Reform Party. Mulroney himself retired from politics and Kim Campbell led the Conservatives into the next election, where they were reduced to only two seats from a majority of over 150 seats.

In the recent past, Mulroney has received credit for economic reform in Canada, high marks for his work in international relations and even praise for his courage for taking on English-French relations. However, he has been negatively viewed as a result of his involvement in financial dealings with Karl Heinz Schreiber after leaving office as Prime Minister in which it appears Mulroney accepted cash monies in excess of $200,000 that remained in a safe undeclared as income for years. While there is no hard evidence that Schreiber gained influence from Mulroney, the situation is seen as inappropriate and his testimony concerning the matter has raised questions about Mulroney's honesty.



Brian Mulroney - The Boy from Baie Comeau

http://archives.cbc.ca/politics/prime_ministers/topics/1469/

Mulroney the Negotiator

http://archives.cbc.ca/politics/prime_ministers/topics/1469/

Mulroney Defeats Clark to Win Conservative Leadership

http://archives.cbc.ca/politics/prime_ministers/clips/9796/

The 1984 Debate - A Knockout Punch for Mulroney

http://archives.cbc.ca/politics/federal_politics/clips/15790/

The 1984 Election Result

http://archives.cbc.ca/politics/prime_ministers/clips/9806/

Starting Talks for a Free Trade Agreement with the United States

http://archives.cbc.ca/economy_business/trade_agreements/topics/536/

1988 Election Debate Over Free Trade

http://archives.cbc.ca/politics/federal_politics/clips/15792/


Meech Lake

http://archives.cbc.ca/politics/constitution/clips/6774/


http://archives.cbc.ca/politics/constitution/topics/1180/



Charlottetown Accord


http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0010729

The Trudeau Era

The following PowerPoint presentation takes a look at French-English relations in Canada. It will provide you with the background story which runs through the course of the events we have looked at recently in class. Click on the first link at the top of the search index you reach when clicking on the hypertext link below.


French-English Relations in Canada


Below are some of the CBC archives media that you were exposed to during our study:

Trudeau on the Campaign Trail

http://archives.cbc.ca/politics/prime_ministers/clips/6508/

Trudeau as a Rising Political Power

http://archives.cbc.ca/politics/prime_ministers/clips/13243/

Trudeau in Retrospect on Trudeaumania

http://archives.cbc.ca/politics/prime_ministers/clips/198/

Trudeau and His Analogy of Sleeping with an Elephant and Living Next to the United States

http://archives.cbc.ca/politics/prime_ministers/clips/13249/

Trudeau and the "Fuddle-Duddle" Comment

http://archives.cbc.ca/politics/prime_ministers/clips/2955/

FLQ Backgrounder

http://archives.cbc.ca/war_conflict/terrorism/clips/596/

FLQ Kidnapping of James Cross

http://archives.cbc.ca/war_conflict/terrorism/clips/557/

FLQ Kidnapping of Pierre Laporte

http://archives.cbc.ca/war_conflict/civil_unrest/clips/602/

Trudeau's Response to the FLQ - The War Measures Act

http://archives.cbc.ca/war_conflict/terrorism/clips/618/

Some Public Reaction to War Measures Act Being Used

http://archives.cbc.ca/war_conflict/civil_unrest/clips/616/

Trudeau - "Just Watch Me"

http://archives.cbc.ca/war_conflict/civil_unrest/clips/610/

Pierre Laporte Found Dead

http://archives.cbc.ca/war_conflict/terrorism/clips/611/

James Cross Released

http://archives.cbc.ca/war_conflict/civil_unrest/clips/620/

1972 Minority Government for Trudeau

http://archives.cbc.ca/politics/prime_ministers/clips/13245/

1974 Majority Government for Trudeau

http://archives.cbc.ca/politics/prime_ministers/clips/13251/

1979 Election Debate

http://archives.cbc.ca/politics/federal_politics/clips/15789/

Trudeau Loses - And Announces His Retirement

http://archives.cbc.ca/politics/prime_ministers/clips/13256/

The Clark Minority Government Falls and Trudeau Makes A Comeback

http://archives.cbc.ca/politics/prime_ministers/clips/13250/

Trudeau Makes a Deal with the Provinces to Repatriate the Constitution

http://archives.cbc.ca/politics/constitution/clips/6044/

Repatriation of the Constitution

http://archives.cbc.ca/politics/constitution/clips/13264/


Trudeau Resigns

http://archives.cbc.ca/politics/prime_ministers/clips/13257/


Please note: The following items will help you prepare for the final exam. Ensure that you are familiar with the material below.

Mini-Unit III: Modern Canadian Issues:

1. Identify and explain at least four examples of where conflict or misunderstanding between English and French Canadians is seen in Canadian history.

2. What was the FLQ Crisis – Identify the Who, What, Where, When, Why, and be able to explain the historical significance of this event.

3. Who was Pierre Elliot Trudeau? Why was he such an important and controversial Canadian figure? Explain in detail some of the controversial political moves that Pierre Elliot Trudeau made.

4. Who is Rene Levesque? How did sovereignty-association differ from separation?

5. Explain the Quebec Referendums – When did they occur? What were they? What were the results of the referendums? Why were they significant in Canadian History?

More Review Stuff for the Final Exam

Here is a review of the items that were covered during Mr. Goto's time with us. Please review these and be prepared to go over them next class.

Unit V: Canada in the 20th Century (1900s):

1. Describe how Canadian society had changed by the turn of the 20th century?

Consider things such as:

a. Industrialization
b. Urbanization
c. Immigration

2. Who was Wilfred Laurier? Why is he an important figure in Canadian History?

3. World War I:

a. Between what years did this war take place?
b. Explain the causes that lead to the Great War and how they led to the outbreak of World War I, making specific references to country alliances in your answer.
c. What is Trench Warfare?
d. Why was the First World War such an important war for Canadians?
e. Identify the significance of the Second Battle of Ypres, the Battle of the Somme, and the Battle of Vimy Ridge?
f. Explain the effect World War I had on women and the first wave of women’s rights?
g. Explain the impact World War I had on Canada. How did it bring us together as a country? How did it tear us apart?

4. The period between the First and Second World Wars brought about many changes in Canadian society. Identify four important events or changes that occurred in the interwar years and explain their importance to Canadian society.

5. What was the Winnipeg General Strike? What year did it take place?

6. What was the Great Depression?

a. What were some causes?
b. What was the triggering event that began the Great Depression?

7. Explain how Canada’s immigrant policy has changed from prior to the 1900s to during and after the World Wars? What brought about these changes? Explain in detail.

8. World War II:

a. Between what years did World War II take place?
b. Identify some of the causes of the Second World War.
c. Identify and briefly explain at least four major events that occurred during World War II?
d. Discuss the injustices faced by Japanese Canadians after the attack of Pearl Harbor in 1941. Include in your discussion how Asian discrimination throughout Canadian history led up to this event. Explain what happened to Japanese Canadians during the Internment years? What has happened as a result of this event?

Moving On...

Here is a recap of some of the material covered most recently. You can find the answers to the following set of questions in the Thursday, May 12,2011 blog entry. This is Pop Quiz #3, by the way...

1. Who was the leader of the Lower Canada rebellion?
2. Who was the leader of the Upper Canada rebellion?
3. What were the two major ecommendations of the Durham Report?
4. What is responsible government?
5. Draw a diagram of how government in the Canada's functioned.
6. What is the Family Compact and the Chateau Clique?

Other items for review... could be a quiz...I dunno...Happened before... Is this a hint????

Most of these, you should know... the oddball ones I have provided support for...

7.

a. Why did so many Irish immigrants come to Canada prior to the 1850s?
b. What was the Underground Railway? What did it result in?
c. Why did so many Chinese immigrants come to Canada?


Unit IV: Canada in the 19th Century (1800s -1900)


8.

a. Why was John A. Macdonald called one of the “Fathers of Confederation”?
b. What was his major project?
c. What was the Pacific Scandal?


9.

a. What province was initially at the Confederation Conferences but then pulled out of Confederation becoming one of the last provinces to actually join?

b. What year did Manitoba become a province and join Confederation?

c. When did B.C join and why did they finally agree to this?


10. What does the CPR stand for?

11.

a. What date and time was the famous last spike completed? (9:22 am on November 7, 1885)
b. What immigrant group built the majority of railway?
c. How did the railway lead to the opening of the west?
d. What effect did the opening of the west have on aboriginal groups living on the prairies?

12. Why was the construction of the CPR such an important event in the history and development of Canada? Identify and explain five reasons. (immigration from China, extension of east-west axis for trade, extends the power and influence of eastern Canada, stops American expansionism, establishes settlement patterns for the western frontier)

More on the history of railways in Canada

http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0006655


13. Who was Clifford Sifton? (Minister of the Interior under Wilfred Laurier)

a. What types of immigrants did he encourage to come to Canada? (Many came from Britain and the United States, but Canada also had a large influx of Ukrainians, Doukhobors, and other groups from the Austro-Hungarian Empire. This was controversial. Between 1891 and 1914, more than three million people came to Canada, largely from continental Europe, following the path of the newly constructed continental railway.)

b. What were immigrants given to help them settle the west? (free land)
c. What was the experience like for many of the early immigrants that came to settle the west? (Difficult - sparsely populated, bitterly cold in the winter, constant wind stripping the topsoil)

14. Who was Louis Riel and why was he a significant figure in Canadian history?